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Nurse Practitioner Jobs in Canada

(in 2024)

The nurse practitioner job landscape in the Canadian healthcare system is evolving at a rapid pace. Canda is incorporating NPs in healthcare workforce planning (1). Provincial governments are funding and subsidizing NP programs and jobs which is encouraging growth of the profession (2). In 2023, 121 training positions were added to the primary health care NP program in Ontario (2). In 2022, 7,113 NPs were employed in direct patient care, with a growth rate of 10% between 2021 and 2022, representing the largest percentile increase compared with other regulated nursing professions (3). With scope of practice evolving, NPs are helping to improve access to primary health care (2). For example, the 25 NP led clinics in Canada are supporting approximately 100,000 patients (2). Despite job prospects looking promising for NPs, many of us ask – what is the job landscape actually like in Canada for nurse practitioners? We will go on a deep dive to address frequently asked questions on this important topic.

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What jobs can I get as a nurse practitioner in Canada?

Every province in Canada is integrating NPs into the workforce. Generally, NP positions exist in community and acute care settings. Nurse practitioners work in family medicine (e.g. family health teams, nurse practitioner led clinics), long-term care facilities, community health agencies, tertiary care settings (e.g. hospital, emergency departments), telehealth or virtual health, and private practice (e.g. cosmetics), among others.

Where can I work as a nurse practitioner in Canada?

Primary health care nurse practitioners can generally work in any health care setting because you are licensed to care for patients of all ages. For example, NPs graduating from the same primary health care program may work in a pediatric setting, a family medicine clinic, emergency department, or in-patient unit at a hospital. Acute care NPs are limited to providing health care to adult patients and are usually hired in hospitals (e.g. intensive care units, medicine units). Similarly, pediatric nurse practitioners are limited to providing care to pediatric patients (age <18). In short, primary care nurse practitioners have the most job flexibility.

Where can I apply for a job as a nurse practitioner?

Aside from an internet search, word of mouth is powerful. You’ll likely hear of NP postings through the grape vine. Think about where you want to work. For example, if you want to work in a hospital, narrow down your search to hospital websites in your location of choice, and consider reaching (send an email, make a phone call) to inquire about current or future NP positions. The table below highlights common websites used to search for NP jobs in Canada.

ProvinceJob Postings
General websitesIndeed
Glassdoor
Government of Canada NP job bank
LinkedIn (if you don’t have an account, it’s a great way to network)
Workopolis
Jooble Canada
AlbertaNurse Practitioner Association of Alberta job board
Alberta Health Services
British ColumbiaProvincial Health Services Authority
Primary Care Network
ManitobaHealth Careers Manitoba
Newfoundland & LabradorNL Health Services
New BrunswickHorizon Health New Brunswick
Nova ScotiaNova Scotia Health
NWTGovernment of Northwest Territories jobs
NunavutGovernment of Nunavut
OntarioRNAO job board
NPAO job board
PEIHealth Jobs PEI
QuebecGovernment of Canada website Quebec NP job postings
SaskatchewanHealth Careers in Saskatchewan
YukonYukon Government jobs

How are nurse practitioner positions funded in Canada?

If you’re pursuing a career as an NP, it’s important to understand how positions are funded in Canada. Healthcare is a provincial mandate; therefore, government funded NP positions vary from province to province. Primary health care positions, long-term care positions, and tertiary care positions are largely funded by the provincial governments. There are federally funded NP positions in remote areas, including First Nations communities (4). Every province and territory has NP legislation in place. While Ontario has the most registered NPs, the NP-to-person ratio is higher in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut (5).

The compensation framework for NPs versus physicians is different. Physicians are typically compensated via the fee-for-service model (i.e. they bill the provincial health plan for services they provide to patients) whereas NPs are typically paid on a salary basis. To date, no province or territory has assigned NPs billing numbers to directly bill a public health insurance plan (6). Nurse practitioners use billing numbers for referring a patient to a specialist (the consulting physician needs the NP billing number to bill for the consult), and for tests (e.g. labs, diagnostic imaging) – these tests can be billed by the physician who interprets the test (7).

ProvinceNurse Practitioner Funding in Canada
AlbertaCurrently, NPs are employed through Alberta Health Services Primary Care Networks, and Primary Care Network NP Support Programs (8). Alberta is looking to expand opportunities for NPs, with the nurse practitioner primary care program (9). This funding model will allow NPs to be paid to operate independent clinics and practice independently in team-cased care settings.
British ColumbiaMajority of NPs are funded through the BC Ministry of Health via BC health authorities or through global hospital budgets (10).
ManitobaMajority of NPs are funded through Manitoba Health or Shared Health (11).
Newfoundland and LabradorMajority of NPs are funded through Newfoundland Health Services.
New BrunswickIn 2023, the province invested $970,000 towards expansion of the NP program at the Université de Moncton, increasing yearly graduates from 3 to approximately 23 (12). It is unclear how many NP positions are currently funded, however the province is clearly integrating NPs into the healthcare system.
Nova ScotiaIn 2021, the province invested $2.5 million to increase the number of NPs working in long-term care, opening up a total of 13 new positions (13). The nova scotia government is working on health care system improvements with deliverables by 2026, citing plans to increase the number of NPs (14).
Northwest Territories & NunavutNP positions are funded through the NWT and Nunavut governments, with an estimated NP count of 118 (15).
OntarioThe Ontario government funds majority of NP positions through Ontario Health, which includes annual salary, benefits, and some overhead. Positions in acute care (e.g. emergency departments and in-patient units) are generally funded through global hospital budgets.
A note on Ontario Health Teams (OHTs): this is a new way of organizing and delivering care to people in Ontario (16). There are 58 OHTs across the province providing coverage and ensuring everyone in Ontario can benefit from integrated and coordinated care. Under OHTs, health care providers (including hospitals, doctors, home and community care providers) work as one coordinated team.
PEIApproximately 50 NPs are in PEI, largely funded by the provincial government (17).
QuebecAs of 2024, Quebec has enabled primary health care NPs working in 11 clinics to register patients, indicating that the province is integrating NPs into future healthcare services planning (18).
The Ministry of Health and Social Services of Quebec (MSSS) governs all public sector NP positions in the province.(19)
SaskatchewanThe ministry of health funds NPs, however it is unclear how many positions are funded by the government (20).
According to the Ministry of Health, it provides grant funding to support the recruitment and retention of NPs. There are approximately 360 NPs in the province. The province will be adding an additional 25 NP positions over this year in rural, regional and northern communities that lack health care providers.(21)
Yukon24 licensed NPs, NP positions are funded through the Yukon government (22).

Independent Contractor / Locum Positions: Questions you should ask

Some physician offices are hiring NPs to help provide health care services that are not funded by the government. Funding of these positions varies (e.g. a group of family doctors may pool together financial resources to fund an NP position) (23). If you are hired privately (i.e. the position is not funded by the government), you would be considered an independent contractor (you may hear the term ‘locum’). A locum is someone who temporarily fills the duties of another person. Locum positions often last from weeks to months.

If you are interested in being an independent contractor, there are some important considerations:

  1. Arrangement for number of days or hours worked in the clinic, compensation, and benefits are agreed on and specified in a contract between you and the hiring person(s). For example, the hiring person(s) may only be able to compensate you for a few hours or a few days per week. Further, these positions may be temporary or indefinite, ranging from a few months to years. Clarify expectations of your schedule.

  2. These positions may or may not offer benefits such as sick time, vacation time, employment insurance, or pension plans. If you aren’t receiving any benefits, the hourly wage should typically be higher than an NP who does receive benefits. For example, if an NP who is employed with benefits receives an average of $60 an hour, you should be able to bargain for a higher hourly wage to make up for lack of benefits. There is no standard hourly rate for NP locum positions.

  3. Clarify whether you will be receiving administrative supports (do you get the same administrative supports as physicians in the clinic? If they have a nurse, will you get nursing support for clinic appointments?) If not, you can try to bargain for administrative time integrated into your schedule.

  4.  Clarify role expectations. We know that NP scope of practice and role description varies depending on where we work. How many patients are you expected to see in a day? How long are patient appointments? Do you feel confident with the expected workload? Will you be compensated for administrative time (e.g. reviewing tests, managing inbox messages, etc). Is the NP scope of practice generally understood? Will you be practicing to your full scope? For example, some hiring providers may only want you to manage chronic disease patients in the clinic, or do preventive health care (pap tests, well baby visits). Are you expected to work after hours, weekend, or be on-call? If so, clarify the compensation for these services.

If you’re a private contractor, it’s important to fully understand the terms of engagement and have terms clear in the contract. I would recommend reviewing your contract with a lawyer, or professional liability insurance personnel (some PLPs offer this, some do not).

Nurse practitioner private clinics

Private clinics run by nurse practitioners are opening to increase access to care (24). Patients who cannot get access to timely care (e.g. cannot see the primary care provider they are rostered with, or who do not have a primary care provider) are accessing these clinics. Patients are charged for a single visit (typically $70 to $90) or will pay for an annual membership (24). Unlike physicians, NPs cannot bill the government for OHIP-insured services, therefore they can charge patients for healthcare services. With this rationale, those who operate private clinics say billing patients is legal. With Canadians paying taxes for healthcare, in a perfect world, every patient would have access to timely care and would have a primary care provider; but we know this is not the case. This is a controversial subject, and it remains uncertain if more private clinics will be open.

What can I expect for nurse practitioner salary and benefits?

Salaries vary depending on where you work, level of experience, and the employment type (e.g. full-time, part-time, independent contractor, etc.). For example, the general recommended salary for NPs in Ontario range from $103,000 – $135,000 according to a Hay group report (NPAO). NP salaries are set by the employer and funding allotted from the government. For example, a nurse practitioner led clinic is funded through Ontario Health, with a non-profit governing board assuming responsibility and accountability for allocation of funding in the clinic (including NP salary). Refer to the table below for salary comparisons across provinces and territories.

To earn a few extra bucks, nurse practitioners can charge patients or collect money from third party companies for completing medical forms, writing medical notes, etc. as long as there is no conflict of interest (23). It is recommended NPs consult with their employer to review policies and procedures regarding this matter (23). For example, instead of NPs collecting these fees privately, some employers collect the fees from all providers to use it towards communal clinic needs.

A note on union vs. non-union positions: some NP positions are unionized, others are not. If you work in an organization that has a nursing union, you will be a member. Unions allow workers to negotiate with employers regarding wages, benefits, etc. If you are in a unionized-NP position, your salary will be set in according to the unions collective agreement and workplace contract (25).

Nurse practitioners who are employees should have benefits (employment insurance, pension, sick time, vacation time) and overhead expenses covered (e.g. administrative support, nursing support). Some organizations offer professional development funding to cover access to educational resources, however this funding varies. If professional development funding is not included in your contract, you can try bargaining for this. The table below outlines NP salary by province and employment type.

How many hours does a nurse practitioner work?

A full-time employed NP typically works 37.5 hours per week in majority of practice settings. The usual Monday-Friday work week may or may not also include weekend services, after-hours services, and on-call services. If weekend, after-hours and on-call services are expected, clarify expectations and compensation. Work hours are specified in the employment or contract agreement between you and your employer.

Can I work in any province as a nurse practitioner?

The short answer – yes. Once you complete the NP program and attain your NP license in your province, you can apply to have an NP licence in other provinces and territories. You can have multiple licences at the same time. For example, an NP can practice in Ontario and simultaneously work for New Brunswick health care offering virtual health care services to patients.

Nurse Practitioner Employment and Salary Estimates in Canada

The statistics reported are estimates, and numbers vary depending on the source and year reported. In 2022, an estimated 7399 NPs were registered in Canada, with 5682 being full time, 1353 being part time, and 345 being casually employed (26). 2146 NPs identified as working in hospital, 2193 in the community, 199 in long-term care, and 1657 in other areas (26).

Highlights (2022-2023 statistics)

  • Ontario has the highest number of registered NPs, followed by Quebec, British Columbia, then Alberta.

  • Salaries are comparable across provinces, with Nova Scotia and Newfoundland appearing to have lower annual salary ranges (according to 2022 statistics).

  • Majority of NPs appear to be working full time.

  • Majority of NPs appear to be working in community health settings, except for Ontario where more NPs work in hospital (or ‘other’ settings).

ProvinceNurse Practitioner EmploymentNurse Practitioner Salary Estimates
AlbertaNursing Workforce Research 2023:
Full-time: 378 full-time NPs
Part-time: 182 part-time NPs
Casual: 39 NPs

CIHI statistics 2022:
Total NPs: 613
Full-time: 368 (378)
Part time: 187
Casual: 42
Hospital: 141
Community health: 434
LTC: 9
Other: 133
Average annual NP salary: $97,452

Average hourly wage of $54.46 (28).

(as of 2024)
British ColumbiaNursing Workforce Research 2023:
Full-time: 451 full-time NPs
Part-time: 134 part-time NPs
Casual: 39 NPs

CIHI statistics 2022:
Total NPs: 729
Full-time: 507
Part time: 174
Casual: 46
Hospital: 141
Community health: 434
LTC: 9
Other: 133
Average hourly rate: $57/hour
Low end: $35/hour
High end: $66.67/hour
(29).

Average annual salary: $118,879 (30).
ManitobaRegistered NPs in the province: 338 (31).Hourly rate (min/max):
$49.68-$60.07.

Annual income (min/max):
$100,107-$121,049.
Newfoundland & LabradorNursing Workforce Research 2023:
Full-time: 176 full-time NPs
Part-time: 16 part-time NPs
Casual: 13 NPs

CIHI statistics 2022:
Total NPs: 229
Full-time: 191
Part time: 18
Casual: 20
Hospital: 93
Community health: 76
LTC: 15
Other: 45
Hourly rate (min/max):
$43.57-$54.02.

Annual income (min/max):
$84,96 -$105,339.
New BrunswickNursing Workforce Research 2023:
Full-time: 116 full-time NPs
Part-time: 17 part-time NPs
Casual: 15 NPs

CIHI Statistics 2022:
Total NPs: 161
Full-time: 128
Part time: 15
Casual: 18
Hospital: 28
Community health: 107
LTC: 5
Other: 38
Hourly rate (min/max):
$50.41-$61.35.

Annual income (min/max):
$98,667-$120,090.
Nova ScotiaNursing Workforce Research 2023:
Full-time: 194 full-time NPs
Part-time: 23 part-time NPs
Casual: 9 NPs

CIHI Statistics 2022
Total NPs: 258
Full-time: 220
Part time: 21
Casual: 17
Hospital: 92
Community health: 125
LTC: 3
Other: 38
Hourly rate (min/max):
$49.14-$57.46.

Annual income (min/max):
$95,833-$112,038.
Northwest Territories & NunavutEstimated number of NPs is 118 (32).NWT: No data available.

Job post data: annual salary of $120,179-$143,559

Nunavut: No data available.

Job post data: annual salary of $103,662-$117,644
OntarioAccording to the NPAO:
Nurse Practitioner Led Clinics: 25 clinics staffed with NPs
Long-term care: 100 NP positions
Family Health Teams: 500 NP positions
Community Health Centres: 425 NP positions
Community Care Access Centres: 117
Other community settings: 145 (23).

Nursing Workforce Research 2023:
Full-time: 2778 full-time NPs
Part-time: 734 part-time NPs
Casual: 137 NPs

CIHI statistics 2022:
Total NPs: 3896
Full-time: 2951
Part time: 795
Casual: 150
Hospital: 1469
Community health: 1078
LTC: 119
Other: 1230
Annual income (min/max):
$105,027-$122,694

NPAO cited annual salary: $103,000-$135,000
Prince Edward IslandCIHI statistics 2022:
Total NPs: 58
Full-time: 36
Part time: 21
Casual: 0
Hospital: 7
Community health: 36
LTC: 5
Other: 10
Average hourly rate: $49.52 an hour
No annual salary average available
(33).
QuebecNursing Workforce Research 2023:
Full-time: 877 full-time NPs
Part-time: 47 part-time NPs
Casual: 15 NPs

CIHI Statistics 2022
Total NPs: 1172
Full-time: 1090
Part time: 63
Casual: 19
Place of work data not reported
Hourly rate (min/max):
$53.86-$62.92.

Annual income (min/max):
$63,211-$132,704.
SaskatchewanAs of 2024, estimates are up to 360 (34).

Nursing Workforce Research 2023:
Full-time: 169 full-time NPs
Part-time: 50 part-time NPs
Casual: 21 NPs

CIHI Statistics 2022
Total: 263
Full-time: 179
Part time: 53
Casual: 31
Hospital: 29
Community health: 160
LTC: 7
Other: 47
Hourly rate (min/max):
$51.56-$61.68.

Annual income (min/max):
$100,480-$120,201.
YukonNursing Workforce Research 2023:
Full-time: 13 full-time NPs
Part-time: 8 part-time NPs
Casual: 1 NP
No data available.

In summary, the health care landscape is forever evolving in Canada, and governments appear serious about integrating more NPs into the system to improve access to primary care. Although there is variability in salary, scope, and funding, in my humble opinion, it is a rewarding career with growth potential.


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